Validate an Aadhaar number format using the Verhoeff checksum algorithm.
The Verhoeff algorithm is a checksum formula for error detection developed by Jacobus Verhoeff in 1969. Unlike simpler checksum methods, it detects all single-digit errors and all adjacent transposition errors. Aadhaar, India's 12-digit unique identity number, uses this algorithm — the last digit is a Verhoeff checksum computed from the first 11 digits.